Biosensing International Research and Development

The goal of this book is to disseminate information on the worldwide status and trends in biosensing R&D to government decision makers and the research community. The contributors critically analyse and compare biosensing research in the United States with that being pursued in Japan, Europe and other major industrialized countries.

Biosensing includes systems that incorporate a variety of means, including electrical, electronic and photonic devices; biological materials (e. g. , tissue, enzymes, nucleic acids, etc. ) and chemical analysis to produce detectable signals for the monitoring or identification of biological phenomena. In a broader sense, the study of biosensing includes any approach to detection of biological elements and the associated software or computer identification technologies (e. g. , imaging) that identify biological characteristics. Biosensing is finding a growing number of applications in a wide variety of areas, including biomedicine, food production and processing and detection of bacteria, viruses and biological toxins for bio warfare defence. Subtopics likely to be covered in this study include the following: Nucleic acid sensors and DNA chips and arrays, organism- and cell-based biosensors, bioelectronics and biometrics, bio interfaces and biomaterials; biocompatibility and bio fouling, integrated, multi-modality sensors and sensor networks, system issues, including signal transduction, data interpretation and validation, novel sensing algorithms, e. g. , non-enzyme-based sensors for glucose, mechanical sensors for prosthetics, related issues in bio-MEMS and NEMS (micro-elctro-mechanical and nano-electro-mechanical systems), possibly including actuators, applications in biomedicine, the environment, food industry, security and defence.

Particular emphasis will be on technologies that may lead to portable or field able devices/instruments. Important consideration will be given to an integrated approach to detection, storage, analysis, validation, interpretation and presentation of results from the biosensing system. Focus will be on research from the following disciplines; Biomes and nano, optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, chemo metrics, pattern recognition, telemetry, signal processing and toxicology.

Finally, beyond the above technical issues, the study will also address the following non-technical issues: Mechanisms for enhancing international and interdisciplinary cooperation in the field, opportunities for shortening the lead time for deployment of new biosensing technologies emerging from the laboratory, long range research, educational and infrastructure issues that need addressed to promote better progress in the field, current government R&D funding levels overseas compared to the United States, to the extent data are available.